Enlightened Conflict

sometimes they change

June 25th, 2012

“At the end of the day, everything is extremely complex. I guess I’m an idealist… I don’t have clear-cut positions. I get baffled by things. I have viewpoints. Sometimes they change.” – Annie Lennox

News flash: Sometimes people change their minds.

And people’s points of view will certainly change.

And, yes, sometimes when you change your point of view it is contradictory to what you may have said, and possibly even stated fairly strongly, in the past.

I say this because a lot of people get their panties (or boxers/briefs) in a proverbial wad when someone changes their mind.

Me?

I say ‘so what’.

Now.

I am not suggesting that your position on things should be shifting like a windmill in a hurricane but, in general, changing your position is okay.

Okay.

Not just okay … but good.

It shows you are maybe listening.

Shows maybe you are adapting.

Shows maybe that you are not so opinionated that you are stuck with an unchanging perspective in a constantly changing complex world.

Oh.

Maybe even shows you are … well … human.

Why do I say all this <beyond the fact I am just being a contrarian>. As Annie, a smarter person than I, said upfront … it is easy to get baffled by things … it is easy to get baffled because life is complex. Oh. In addition to the fact that there are … well … a shitload of facts on a shitload of issues floating around in the every day world. My point? Keeping track of everything, and knowing what you should know <on everything> is difficult even if not impossible.

In addition.

Let me make a point of a ‘position.’ Nowadays everyone seems to have an opinion <or position> on every decision or action anyone is making, thinking of making or is even in the realm of possibility of making. And every decision and action is actually like a pebble in a pond. The difficulty is many people focus on the pebble. And create their position/opinion based on the pebble (ignoring the ripples). But that is probably a different post for another day.

Anyway.

Back to changing your mind.

Sure. Some things shouldn’t  change … stealing is bad, killing is bad, stuff like that. But that is kind of obvious.

I tend to believe the key to this discussion is ‘an unchanging core’ versus ‘changing perspective’.

People <I included> like some consistency. Especially consistency in character and actions. It’s the kind of thing that engenders trust.

On the other hand … changing one’s perspectives is … well … is about changing attitudes. And it makes people more interesting. Heck. It may even lead to changed behavior. And that makes life more interesting.

And you know what?

It is the same in business.

I believe many people in business are scared to change their position because it may show some sense of not standing for something. And, yes, I wrote scared.

If you ever want to see a bunch of people freeze, deer in frickin’ headlights freezing, watch when someone says something in a meeting like … “but you said this before” … or “when I look at some of your past work I don’t see what you are talking about.”

People are scared to say “that was then and this is now.”

For some reason people are scared to say “I know more today than I did yesterday.”

Why? Because the fear that it doesn’t show consistency.

And, yet, in today’s business world constant change <some would call it inconsistency in actions> is imperative for success. And, frankly, it is imperative if we ever want to move away from the same old shit.

Anyway.

Business, politics and even sitting at the bar with friends … doesn’t matter … we all change our positions … and it is silly to not do so for fear of looking silly … or the fact someone may not think we are consistent … or for any reason for that matter.

If you have any doubts about what I say read the following from Walt Whitman.

“Do I contradict myself?
Very well then I contradict myself,
(I am large, I contain multitudes.)”

~ Walt Whitman, Song of Myself

Maybe the people who are willing to change their positions and points of view are larger than people who don’t?

Maybe it is just the fact that each one of us contains a multitude within.

Maybe it is just being self aware enough to know you don’t know everything.

Maybe it is being strong enough to understand that changing your perspective will change people’s perspective of you … and that is okay.

Maybe it is … well … being enlightened.

blizzard of one

June 22nd, 2012

“No voice comes from outer space, from the folds of dust and carpets of wind to tell us that this is the way it was meant to happen, that if only we knew how long the ruins would last, we would never complain.” ― Mark Strand

So.

While I like poetry <but am certainly not an expert>  I had never seen this poem. And ever since I saw it several months ago I knew I wanted to write about it … but I just couldn’t figure out how to pinpoint why I liked it so much.

The entire poem is nice.

And thoughtful (as poetry is supposed to be I imagine). And the entire poem is chockfull of verbal imagery.

But. I kept coming back to the name. Blizzard of One. How can you have a blizzard of just one? The combination, and literal contradiction, of blizzard … and one.

And not just a storm of one.

A blizzard. Snow <and snowflakes>. Of which each snowflake is … well … a unique one.

Finding the blizzard within each of us. The power of individual uniqueness.

There are so many things I like about this that it is difficult to know where to begin. Or even what to say.

So I will begin with the actual poem:

A Blizzard of One:

From the shadow of domes in the city of
domes,
A snowflake, a blizzard of one, weightless,
entered your room
And made its way to the arm of the chair
where you, looking up
From your book, saw it the moment it
landed. That’s all
There was to it. No more than a solemn
waking
To brevity, to the lifting and falling away
of attention, swiftly,
A time between times, a flowerless
funeral. No more than that
Except for the feeling that this piece of
the storm,
Which turned into nothing before your
eyes, would come back,
That someone years hence, sitting as you
are now, might say:
“It’s time. The air is ready. The sky has
an opening.”
- Mark Strand

I find the words extremely simple yet complex. it offers so many ways of interpretation and yet it is so brief.

But it has simply, so perfectly, put together a complex thought of life … well … simply … a blizzard of one.

I love the phrase. I love the thought. It is subtle but overt.

That within one, a self, there is a blizzard. Of thoughts. Of feelings. Of ideas. Of pain. Of laughter. And this storm of self is but individual pieces of snow gathered and focused.

The thought that even such a subtle thing as a soft puffy snowflake can inspire a larger blizzard.

The phrase is a reminder of many things which are good for us to remember.

Any of us can be a blizzard of one if we choose to be.

And as a snowflake, a blizzard of one, weightless  … in my mind it reminds me of a Buddhist thought … about the subtlest actions …

“Turn over a pebble. It is a teaching the Tibetan monks sometimes use to remind that the world could be changed by the subtlest of actions so long as it pure and even the smallest of actions was pure so long as it is free of fear and anger.”

One small action begets something in the future. Something positive <if the action is pure>.

Oh.

And beyond the self aspect, and the action aspect … the last thing a blizzard of one makes me think of is … well … truth.

“even if you are a minority of one, truth is the truth.” – Gandhi

And with that … my last thought.

A truth.

Each unique like a snowflake. With the strength of a blizzard.

Awesome poem.

Spectacular phrase.

Spectacular moment when I read it for the first time …

“A time between times, a flowerless funeral. No more than that …”

a life formula that doesn’t add up

June 14th, 2012

Ok.

I recently did a fun life formulas post.

This life formula isn’t as fun. In fact … it is a disturbing one.

Here is the formula I cannot make work in my head:

the number of women who admit to having been raped versus the number of men who have said they have raped.

Rape.

Let’s call this date rape or acquaintance rape.

Acquaintance rape, or “date rape” or “hidden rape,” is being increasingly recognized as a real and relatively common problem. It refers to rape of a woman by a man with whom she is acquainted. The rapist is usually the woman’s “date” or partner. This is essentially a form of partner abuse, although the “partners” may be on their first date (or have been out together on multiple occasions). Although there are many possible date rape scenarios, in a common one, the man tries to weaken the resistance of the female by exerting undue psychological pressure upon her or by plying her with alcohol <or a drug without her knowledge> and then the man forces the woman to have sexual intercourse. Sometimes the woman has no memory of the rape because of the effects of the alcohol or the drug (or because of the traumatic nature of the event itself) . Victims of date rape (like all rape victims) are likely to suffer physical and/or mental trauma. Mental (emotional, psychological) trauma can include overwhelming feelings of humiliation, embarrassment and defilement.

All that said … I began with the formula I struggle to reconcile in my head.

Here is the basis of my struggle.

I tend to believe we all know of someone who has been raped.

I tend to believe very few of us know someone who has admitted to rape.

And with the numbers so high on the rape side either a few guys have been very naughty or a bunch of guys are avoiding the truth (I tend to believe it is the latter).

I am not writing this to judge anyone.

Just to ask guys to judge themselves.

Because I have certainly looked in the mirror on this issue to judge myself. Because of alcohol combined with the 20something years I do look. And I wonder/worry a little … even despite the fact I have a very well defined line on this topic.

I have always been clear on this. Very clear. No is no.

Bear with me here. A Story. I am rare and slow to anger. However the 2 most angry moments I can remember in my lifetime are associated with this topic.

First. As a 20 year old finding out a good friend was “taken advantage of” on a date.  Some protective switch must have flipped because I beat the shit out of him in a bar. He may have made it out unscathed but he threw out the “She didn’t really mean no. She liked it.” As my buddy pulled me off him that is probably the first time I said “you stupid shit, no means no.”

The second time was when someone I was dating told me she had been raped years before.

As a guy, a man, I have never felt so helpless and angry (with nothing to do with the anger).

And I get steamed all over again as I look at the picture I used to open this post.

“my rapist doesn’t know he is a rapist.”

Because I believe that is the truest of true statements with regard to this issue.

Ok.

I will get back to that.

But first, 2 things that I believe are major underlying issues. One is really difficult to resolve <realistically> and the second should be resolved.

The 2 things? Alcohol and “misguided expectations based on being in a relationship.”

Alcohol is obvious.

And speaking of formulas … when drinking and 20somethings are combined it is not typically an effective equation for good judgment.

Regardless. Alcohol or not … when alcohol is involved I still believe ultimately the guy needs to assume responsibility. That doesn’t mean it’s easy nor do I mean to suggest when both parties have been drinking that anything is truly clear in the actual decision making.

But. In the end. The guy can stop. At any point. Therefore responsibility ends with him.

Period.

Alcohol and 20somethings will always be there. It is silly to suggest ‘stop drinking <or some derivative of that>’. It is not silly to teach responsibility.

Next.

The relationship thing.

I call it ‘relationship entitlement.’ Okay. No. I call it stupid.

Whew. Some guys think as soon as he is “in” a relationship that he is entitled to sex, or sexual activity, when he wants. And, yes, I purposefully used the word ‘entitled.’

Not only is that ultimately a lack of respect it is stupid. I truly believe there are a shitload of guys out there who don’t believe “rape” (or inappropriate sexual advances) can occur when in a relationship. To them “relationship” equals “consent.” I don’t know what more to say about this other then it is sad (and misguided). Oh. And it can be resolved by getting guys to understand this.

So.

Ultimately, in my own head, beyond respect for the woman and the actual activity, it comes down to a simple thought – no.

‘No’ can be spoken and it can be unspoken.

But no is no.

No ifs ands or buts.

And that bullshit of “they said no but they really meant yes” is mental masturbation. And, worse, it is a lie.

No is no.

I said it to some fraternity boy asshole as I broke a bone in my hand kicking the shit out of him at 20. I say it now as a mature bachelor. And maybe as I have become older I have become better as judging the unspoken no but no is no.

Ok.

Back to the my rapist doesn’t know he is a rapist.

Acquaintance rape happens. And it happens a lot. Oh. But it doesn’t appear to ‘happen’ in a lot of people’s minds.

And we need to think about that.

Because the consequences of acquaintance rape are often pretty extensive.

Once the actual rape has occurred and has been identified as rape by the victim she is faced with the decision of whether to disclose to anyone what has happened.

Oh. And think about this.

Even if the act is understood as rape by the victim there is often ongoing guilt about not seeing the sexual assault coming before it was too late. This guilt is often directly or indirectly reinforced by the reactions of family or friends in the form of questioning the survivor’s decisions to drink during a date or to invite the ‘raper’ back to their apartment. Maybe questions about provocative behavior or previous sexual relations. What that means in the end is that all the people a victim would normally rely on for support … do things that subtly blame the victim.

Oh. And think about this.

Here are some other numbers just to insure you don’t think this is just a “Bruce rant”:

In a study of college students <so lets assume it gets worse with 20somethings out of college>:

•              One in four women surveyed was victim of rape or attempted rape.

•              An additional one in four women surveyed was touched sexually against her will or was victim of sexual coercion.

•              84 percent of those raped knew their attacker.

•              57 percent of those rapes happened while on dates.

•              One in twelve male students surveyed had committed acts that met the legal definitions of rape or attempted rape.

•              84 percent of those men who committed rape said that what they did was definitely not rape.

•              Sixteen percent of the male students who committed rape and ten percent of those who attempted a rape took part in episodes involving more than one attacker.

Responses of the Victim

•              Only 27 percent of those women whose sexual assault met the legal definition of rape thought of themselves as rape victims.

•              42 percent of the rape victims did not tell anyone about their assaults.

•              Only five percent of the rape victims reported the crime to the police.

•              Only five percent of the rape victims sought help at rape-crisis centers.

•              Whether they had acknowledged their experience as a rape or not, thirty percent of the women identified as rape victims contemplated suicide after the incident.

•              82 percent of the victims said that the experience had permanently changed them.

Why do I care?

82% said experience permanently changed them.

Oh. 3 ½ years after I beat the crap out of that guy … my friend, the victim, committed suicide.

And, to this day, I am 100% sure that guy doesn’t believe he did anything wrong. In fact … I bet I blame myself more for the suicide than that guy ever did … or would.

Regardless. We should all care.

But.

I get concerned because I still believe the knee jerk reaction <from most of us> is “she shouldn’t have put herself in that situation.” This despite the fact a study was published all the way back in 1985 outlining the scope and severity of the issue. By publishing the study, which clearly outlined that the belief unwanted sexual advances and intercourse were not rape if they occurred with an acquaintance or while on a date is false, women reexamined their own experiences. By making the issue public many women were able to reframe what had happened to them as acquaintance rape and became better able to legitimize their perceptions that they were indeed victims of a crime <if you are interested the results of the research were the basis of a book called I Never Called it Rape>.

And recently some laws have been enacted to define “consent” … which may seem a little crazy on first blush but I personally agree that a line had to be drawn in the sand.

The definition of “consent” has been expanded to mean “positive cooperation in act or attitude pursuant to an exercise of free will. A person must act freely and voluntarily and have knowledge of the nature of the act or transaction involved.” In addition, a prior or current relationship between the victim and the accused is not sufficient to imply consent. Most states also have provisions which prohibit the use of drugs and/or alcohol to incapacitate a victim, rendering the victim unable to deny consent.

Acquaintance rape remains a controversial topic because of lack of agreement upon the definition of consent. obtaining the other participant’s verbal consent as the level of sexual intimacy increases. This must occur with each new level. The rules also state that “If you have had a particular level of sexual intimacy before with someone, you must still ask each and every time.” (The Antioch College Sexual Offense Policy, in Francis, 1996).

I think every young man should have this memorized.

-          “a prior or current relationship is not sufficient to imply consent.”

-          “you must still ask each and every time.”

Ok.

I am done for now on this topic. I saw the picture, I thought, I wrote.

Lastly.

I found the following “myths.” It seemed appropriate to end with this myth/reality guide.

Myths About Acquaintance Rape

There are a set of beliefs and misunderstandings about acquaintance rape that are held by a large portion of the population. These faulty beliefs serve to shape the way acquaintance rape is dealt with on both personal and societal levels. This set of assumptions often presents serious obstacles for victims as they attempt to cope with their experience and recovery.

Myth Reality
A woman who gets raped usually deserves it, especially if she has agreed to go to a man’s house or park with him. No one deserves to be raped. Being in a man’s house or car does not mean that a woman has agreed to have sex with him.
If a woman agrees to allow a man to pay for dinner, drinks, etc., then it means she owes him sex. Sex is not an implied payback for dinner or other expense no matter how much money has been spent.
Acquaintance rape is committed by men who are easy to identify as rapists. Women are often raped by “normal” acquaintances who resemble “regular guys.”
Women who don’t fight back haven’t been raped. Rape occurs when one is forced to have sex against their will, whether they have decided to fight back or not.
Intimate kissing or certain kinds of touching mean that intercourse is inevitable. Everyone’s right to say “no” should be honored, regardless of the activity which preceded it.
Once a man reaches a certain point of arousal, sex is inevitable and they can’t help forcing themselves upon a woman. Men are capable of exercising restraint in acting upon sexual urges.
Most women lie about acquaintance rape because they have regrets after consensual sex. Acquaintance rape really happens – to people you know, by people you know.
Women who say “No” really mean “Yes.” This notion is based on rigid and outdated sexual stereotypes.
Certain behaviors such as drinking or dressing in a sexually appealing way make rape a woman’s responsibility. Drinking or dressing in a sexually appealing way are not invitations for sex.

respect for the single mother

April 18th, 2010

I have the utmost respect for single mothers (and the utmost disdain for the respective absent fathers). I had an amazing relationship with a young woman during her pregnancy (and the absence of the father) and thru the birth of her little boy. This experience is probably even more impactful to me because this single mother gave me probably my first heartfelt soul reaching “I love you” (a pretty incredible gift).

Having lived through that experience, and loved the woman who went through it, I am pretty sure most people looking from the outside in (people who haven’t been through it) have no real idea what a single mother goes through.

If there was ever a situation where people should view a person’s actions as “doing the best that they can” when judging them, this is probably it. Their actions may not always look right (or the best) but I saw Bridget deal with thing after thing and issue after issue and in the end she just did the best she could (and it was pretty damn good).

So having this personal experience means I have exponentially increased respect for single mothers. The choice. The choices. The worries. The anger. All the crap they have to deal with.

Bridget was amazing. Her ability to deal with the trials and strength of character was ‘aweing’ (or awe-inspiring?) and I loved her for it. And in a way I guess I love that about all the strong single mothers. Looking back I think our “I love yous” weren’t that romantic passionate ‘I love yous’ (although at the time I knew I wanted it to be the big type and I would guess she hoped it may be also). The situation just created two people who from a distance fell in love.

Her capacity to share her love with me was a once-in-a-lifetime moment. It represents one of those really rare special moments when you can remember almost every detail associated with it. And maybe what made it more impactful was it came unexpectedly, and quietly, as I stood at an airport phone in Columbus Ohio on Halloween after months of talking over the phone. But. I will say it again. Bridget was (and probably still is) was one of the strongest women I have ever had the pleasure of knowing and caring for. Her capacity to deal with single mother pregnancy and what that brought to her at that time in her life (mid 20’s) was awe inspiring.

Our relationship was odd at best. We met auspiciously at a bar in Tampa where she was a waitress. But after she became pregnant and the guy decided for whatever reasons he had to step away she moved back home with her parents in New Jersey. I had since moved to Dallas for work.

letterWe wrote letters. Okay. In the beginning I wrote letters. Lots of em. I was working over 55 hours a week every week and traveling 4 days out of every seven. So I used the time to write.

How about how I wished I could help.

Things I thought she may need help thinking about.

Maybe just being a friend.

But I guess mostly I wrote about my life so she could think about other things.

I cherished her letters (which became more frequent). And responded in detail. And we talked on the phone. A lot. Sometimes for hours at a time. It didn’t matter about the letters. We always had something to say. Sometimes I am not sure that it mattered what was said. More that we were just talking.

It was a scary sometimes angry time for her. She was pregnant. Single. The guy was nowhere to be found. But let me say her parents were a rock. Her mother was an example I believe all single mothers mothers should aspire to be <unequivocally supportive>. And my role? Minimal in the scheme of things … but I did the best I could to make it less scary and less angry a time.

I volunteered to fly to be there when her son, Tyler, was born. And I think the father actually made an appearance but then disappeared again. But she dealt with it with her family (and I respected the decision … one of many she had to make at a very difficult time).

I saw her and Tyler that Christmas (getting there from Dallas included a small plane ‘flight from hell’ with the 300 pound drunken Texan in his 50 gallon hat on his way to gamble in Atlantic City for Christmas … but that is a different funny story). In fact one of my favorite pictures of myself to this day is one of me holding Tyler that Christmas.bruce and tyler

In the end she was the smart one … smart enough to let me go when I left. I would have fought on for us but for whatever reason face to face she was the smarter of the two of us and realized what was right for both of us.

Once again. Looking back. The capacity of a single mother to be able to work their way thru decisions like that with everything else heaped upon her shoulders is awe inspiring.

The conclusion: Things changed after that for us (as it should have). I guess I hope that I was there at that time for a reason.

And maybe she was there for me at that time for a reason.

I am not sure if ever told her how much she helped me thru a 2700 work hours, almost million flying mile, year. I do know that I am pretty sure I wouldn’t have the strength to be a single parent. But that doesn’t mean I cannot help when I can.

I do know because of her strength and love and that time in my life that any single mother in the circle of my life has my unequivocal support. Whatever they need I try and do right by them.

And I certainly view single mothers differently <positively I may add>.

Bridget is unmatchable in my life <so far> with regard to not only how she handled her situation but also in how she viewed Life. She didn’t just teach me about being a single parent but she and her family just taught me a lot about character and strength.

I chuckle a little … but unfortunately for women in my life afterwards … a bar had been set by Bridget in my expectations.Expectations of strength and character and depth of heart.

And, you know what? That is okay.

She set a great example.

Not everyone has had my experience and, to be fair, I may not have been a big enough <or good enough> person to have had such a depth of respect for single mothers if I had not had a personal experience. It is always tough to truly understand something from the outside looking in … without a real experience. That is not an excuse … just an explanation.

So. Have respect for single mothers. Don’t judge their actions too harshly. And help whenever you can. Even a little bit of help can go a very long way.

Remember. Smart people are smart and sometimes they have different rules.

April 1st, 2010

I had the brief pleasure to cross paths at a job with one of the greatest minds in marketing. A brilliantly eclectic guy named Tony Wainwright. Given my role – I was in middle management at the time – I was a little unclear on his place in the agency. Full time employee?  Part time? Consultant?  He was kind of mysterious (I believe most larger companies have those people).

Every once in awhile I would get a 6 word memo, signed Tony, either asking or telling me something (he was the Zen master of brevity). And every once in awhile he would appear in an internal meeting.

It was in one of those meetings that I came to understand smart people sometimes work under a different set of rules.

I had a couple clients in the meeting. Not most senior. Not most junior. But it was a fairly important set up strategy meeting with some long term implications.

So Tony sits himself in a corner and listens. And then pretty much fell asleep. I don’t know if I was more pissed or mortified. The head of my department was also there (being his quiet brilliant self effacing self – I will write about him another day). And he was pretty much indifferent to Tony’s dozing. (This despite all the mental harpoons I was sending his way).

To be fair. I believe Tony had a recurring illness that would challenge him physically on certain days.  (but in that time and place I kinda wasn’t thinking about that).

Anyway. Towards the end of the meeting Tony kind of stirs a little. Makes a little noise so that everyone turns and looks at him and he says:

“So, if I understand it, here is the decision we need to make. It seems to me we should do ‘this’.”

He then said maybe one more sentence to explain but that is what was indelibly stamped in my brain. Brevity. The man was all about brevity.

Within a less than 5 minute window he isolated the issue and crystallized a solution. That is a gift.

(and when you find someone like that treat them as if they are the last drop of water you have to drink each day)smart person test 72

It would have been easy for everyone to walk out of that meeting and focus on the fact he dozed 95% of his time in the meeting (and I would say 95% of the people did). Yeah. I did walk out a little pissed myself. The head of my department, while chuckling a little, did happen to point out to me that Tony’s 25 words or so did provide a clear solution and probably saved me a lot of work and we were moving forward aligned on a direction. (I told you that guy was a brilliantly self effacing guy)

I am not sure this one meeting truly clarified these following things for me at that time but it certainly helped me along the way:

-          Don’t take silence for stupidity or indifference.

-          It ain’t about the number of words it’s all about the words you use.

It sucks to us nonsmart (less smart) people but it pays to put smart people in situations to be smart and let them do it their way. Your rules don’t apply to these people. Let me repeat that. Your rules don’t apply to these people. It may piss you off but in the end you are simply being immature (unless you believe you could produce as well as they could without the rules).

Look. Sports teams do it all the time (hence the reason a quarterback can call an audible).

Businesses should also.

But I guess my point here is that we can all get caught up in our pettiness on occasion. And we can all believe that everyone should be treated the same way. Well. Maybe in utopia (which was a Todd Rundgren album but that is a different post).

The reality is rules are different for smart people. And the sooner you recognize that and either get out of their way with your “way to do things” or even better figure out how to set up a situation for the way “they play the game” the sooner you yourself will do better.

And, who knows, along the way you may learn something new.

Be Someone not Something

March 17th, 2010

“How many cares one loses when one decides not to be something but to be someone.”

Coco Chanel

cocochanel1920s

I love this quote not only because of what it says but because in my own ignorance I had perceptions about CoCo Chanel. I imagined someone like CoCo Chanel would be all about shallowness and glamour. But she was a savvy businesswoman.

And smart.

And she understood not only branding (before there was such a thing called branding).

And she had a sense of style about herself we could all learn from.

And, finally, she understood responsibility of fame.

I probably put her in the same category as Shirley Temple Black (she became one of the first prominent women to speak openly about breast cancer and was a Representative to the General Assembly of the United Nations) and Audrey Hepburn (UNICEF and her dedication to helping impoverished children in the poorest nations). These were women who were famous for glamour or entertainment and used it, and their smarts, to be something rather than someone.

Enlightened Conflict